PREVENTING AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM: A CASE FOR INTEGRATING PEACE EDUCATION INTO TEACHER EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN PAKISTAN
Keywords:
Teacher Education, Secondary School Teachers, In Service Teacher Training, Pre-Service Teacher Education, Curriculum Evaluation, Extremism, Peace EducationAbstract
The study aims to analyze the existing content pertaining to Peace Education in the core courses of B.Ed. (Hons.) Curriculum. Identified courses were thoroughly scrutinized against set criteria i.e. generating evidences about the presence or absence of explicit or implicit themes connected with Peace Education. This analysis informed integration of Peace Education into Pre-service Teacher Development Programs with special reference to B.Ed. (Hons.) Subsequently, Peace Education Training Module for In-service Secondary Schools Teachers has been developed Employing Case Study Research Design, Peace Education Training Model has been proposed based on deliberations with the administration and teaching workforce of the sampled Secondary Schools of Public and Private Sector across Karachi city. Peace Education is proactive approach to prevent extremism at Secondary Schools Level. Integration of Peace Education is expected to reduce growing rate of extremism at Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) as Post-Secondary Education is not standalone phenomenon. Through Peace Education, it is possible to intervene and prevent vulnerable working age population ( above 15 year and below 65 year) drifting to extremism and subsequently terrorism It will help achieving sustainable Development Goals as envisaged in HEC vision2025 as peace and socioeconomic development are interdependentReferences
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Ashraf, D., Ali, T., & Hosain, A. (2013). Youth development and education in Pakistan: Exploring the relationship. Sisyphus - Journal of Education,1(2), 162–192. Retrieved from: https://ecommons.aku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1228&context=pakistan_ied_pdck
Bahawalpur student stabs professor to death over ‘anti-Islam’ remarks, The Dawn, March 20, 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.dawn.com/news/1470814
Basit, A. (2015). Countering Violent Extremism: Evaluating Pakistan’s Counter-Radicalization and de-Radicalization Initiatives. IPRI Journal, 15, 44-68.
Cursor of Development and Education Pakistan (CODE). (2019).Countering Violent Extremism on Campuses Retrieved from:http://codepak.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Countering-Violent-Extremism-on-Campuses.pdf
Cremin, H., EchavarrIa, J., & Kester, K. (2018). Transrational Peacebuilding Education to Reduce Epistemic Violence. Peace Review, 30(3), 295-302. DOI:10.1080/10402659.2018.1495808
Dawn. (2017 April 13). Mardan university student lynched by mob over alleged blasphemy, The Dawn, April 13, 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.dawn.com/news/1326729
Dawn. (May 15, 2015). From IBA graduate to ‘terror suspect’? The Dawn. Retrieved from: https://www.dawn.com/news/1183322
Devarajan, S., Mottaghi, L., Do, Q., Brockmeyer, A., Joubert, C., Bhatia, K.,Abdel Jelil, M., Shaban, R., Chall-Dabi, I., & Lenoble, N. (2016).Economic and Social Inclusion to Prevent Violent Extremism. Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Economic Monitor. World Bank. Washington D.C. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/409591474983005625/pdf/108525-REVISED-PUBLIC.pdf
Federal Public Service Commission. (2017). Annual Report-2017. Federal Public Service Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan. Retrieved from: http://www.fpsc.gov.pk/news/annual-report-2017-0
Higher Education Commission. (2020). Vision-2025. Government of Pakistan, Higher Education Commission, Islamabad. Retrieved from: https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/HECAnnouncements/Documents/Announcement/HEC-Vision-2025.pdf
Government of Pakistan, National Education Policy 2009-2015, Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training, Islamabad. Retrieved from: http://mofept.gov.pk/index
Government of Sindh. (2020). National Education Policy 2017 [Draft).Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training, Islamabad. Retrieved from: http://mofept.gov.pk/Policies
Minhas Majeed Khan. (2015). Countering Violent Extremism in Pakistan: An Appraisal of Pakistan’s CVE Initiatives. Strategic Studies,35(4), 23-44.
Mishra L. (2011). Journal of Research in Peace, Gender and Development Vol. 1(4) ,155-160
Qadri, H. M. U. D. (2015). Education and Countering Violent Extremism: A Case Study of Schools in Pakistan. Journal of Education and Social Science, 2(October), 22-29.
Stewart, S. (2018). Building Resilience to Violent Extremism: A Cultural Relation Approach, British Council. Retrieved from https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/discussion_paper_building_resistance_to_violent_extremism_finalv1.pdf
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2018).UNESCO Pakistan Country Strategic Document 2018-2022.Retrieved from. https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ucsd.pdf
The United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy (2018). Retrieved from:https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/72/284
Taylor, E. (L)., Taylor, P.C., Karnovsky, S., Aly, A., & Taylor, N. (2017).“Beyond Bali”: a transformative education approach for developing community resilience to violent extremism. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 37(2), 193-204. DOI:10.1080/02188791.2016.1240661
UNESCO (2014). Global citizenship education: Preparing learners for the challenges of the 21st century. Paris: United Nation. Retrieved from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000227729
UNESCO. (2018). Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development. Working Paper: Can Education Contribute to Peace? Retrieved from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000366298
UNESCO (n.d.). Prevention of Violent Extremism through Youth Empowerment in Jordan, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. Retrieved from:https://en.unesco.org/preventing-violent-extremism/youth/project
United States Institute of Peace. (2015). Community Resilience to Violent Extremism in Kenya. Retrieved from: https://www.usip.org/publications/2016/10/community-resilience-violent-extremism-Kenya
Wait, R. (2016). Active Citizenship: the role of higher education. National Union of Students (NUS) & GuildHE, UK. Retrieved from:https://guildhe.ac.uk/active-citizenship-the-role-of-highereducation/
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2020-07-01
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