REVIEWING THE ROLE OF COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES (CIS) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO U.S. RIVALRY TOWARDS CENTRAL ASIA
Keywords:
CIS, CARs, the US, Energy Game, Geopolitics, Mutual ties, Competition
Abstract
The history of Eurasia was diametrically changed when the erstwhile Soviet Union disintegrated into 15 new independent states. Afterward, close cultural, political and socio-economic similarities and divergent interest led these states to form the CIS. Since its inception, the CIS has played a significant role in the ever-changing international affairs, especially pertaining to Central Asia. Since all CIS states possess immense energy resources, they would play the central role in the New Great Game and the New Silk Road. Moreover, the region surrounding the CIS is also expected to be the central and decisive place for the upcoming cut-throat competition between the US and China in the imminent new cold war. The article will analyze the history briefly and the underlying objectives of the CIS and its main organizational structure. It also takes in to consideration the increasing relations between the CI Sand the CARs. Since the US is a major player in the region and its engagement is also augmenting, the article will discuss the economic and military relations and objectives of the US with the CIS.References
CIS Counter-Terrorism Center analyzes threats to Central Asia. (2012,
October 18). Inter Fax news Agency, Retrieved from www.interfax.com.
M., Corso. (2005, June 6). C.I.S. Struggles for Cohesion. Retrieved from
http://www.refworld.org/docid/46c58f152d.html
Danilenko, G. M. (1999). Implementation of international law in CIS
states: theory and practice. European journal of international law, 10(1), 51-69.
A draft bill on Ukraine’s withdrawal from CIS submitted to
VerkhovnaRada. (2014, March 24). ITAR TASS news agency,
Retrieved from http://tass.ru/en/world/725079.
J., Fowler. (Trans). (2007, April 01). Charter of the Commonwealth of
Independent States. Retrieved from http://therussiasite.org/legal/ laws/CIScharter.html.
Georgia Opts Out of Ex-Soviet Military Cooperation Body. (2006, March 2).
Pravda.ru, Retrieved from www.pravda.ru.
Georgia to Leave Alliance of Ex-Soviet States. (August 12, 2008).
Retrieved from www.cnn.com/Europe.
Gretzky, S. (1997). Russia’s Policy toward Central Asia. Moscow:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Ubaidulloev, Z. (2010). Regionalism in Central Asia. Central Asia in
Retrospect & Prospect. New Delhi: Readworthy, 35-42.
Kemal, B. (2001). The Commonwealth of Independent States: Decayed
Within a Decade/Kemal Baslar. The Turkish Yearbook, 32, 91-125.
Leonard, T. M. (2006). Encyclopedia of the Developing World-AZ. New
York: Taylor & Francis.
Lewis, W. H., & Marks, E. (1998). Searching for Partners: Regional
Organizations and Peace Operations (No. 58). DIANE Publishing.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia. (2008, August 18). Georgia’s
Withdrawal from CIS. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia.
Retrieved on October 2, 2013, from www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=36&info_id=7526.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. (2013, June 10).
Commonwealth of Independent States. Retrieved from
http://mfa.gov.by/en/organizations/membership/list/c2bd4cebdf6bd9f9.html.
Nesterenko, A. (2009, September 03). Briefing by Russian MFA
Spokesman. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian
Federation, Retrieved on November 5, 2013, from
http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/4ff6731bd78ae22bc325762a001e86df?OpenDocument.
Official Website of Commonwealth of Independent States. ???????????
??????????? ??????????. Retrieved on January 10, 2014,
from http://www.e-cis.info/page.php?id=19397.
Peimani, H. (2009). Conflict and security in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Abc-Clio.
Pomfret, R. (2008). Turkmenistan’s Foreign Policy. The China & Eurasia
Forum Quarterly, 6(4), 9-34. Available at: www.isdp.eu/cefq.
Sakwa, R., and M. Webber (1999). ‘The Commonwealth of Independent
States, 1991- 1998: Stagnation and Survival’. Europe-Asia
Studies, 51(3), 379-415.
Spencer, M. (2012). The Russian quest for peace and democracy. Lanham,MD: Lexington Books.
The End of the Soviet Union; Text of Accords by Former Soviet Republics
Setting Up a Commonwealth. (1991, December 23). Retrieved from www.nytimes.com.
The text of the Agreement Establishing the Interstate Bank was published
in Russian. (1993, January). Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, No. 4.
Turkmenistan Declares Its Associated Membership in CIS Georgian
President. (2005, August 27). Retrieved from www.sputiniknews.com.
Voitovich, S. A. (1993). The Commonwealth of Independent States: An Emerging Institutional Model.
European Journal of International Law, 4(3), 403-417.
Xiaoyang, D., & Chang, S. (2006). Strategic Adjustments and
Countermeasures Against Extremist Forces of Central Asian
Countries after 9/11. Hawkins and Love, 80.
Xuequan, Mu. (October 7, 2007). Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan to Launch
Customs Union in 2011. China View. Retrieved from www.xinhua.com.
Zhalimbetova, R., & Gleason, G. (2001). Eurasian Economic Community
(EEC) comes into being. Central Asia–Caucasus Analyst.
October 18). Inter Fax news Agency, Retrieved from www.interfax.com.
M., Corso. (2005, June 6). C.I.S. Struggles for Cohesion. Retrieved from
http://www.refworld.org/docid/46c58f152d.html
Danilenko, G. M. (1999). Implementation of international law in CIS
states: theory and practice. European journal of international law, 10(1), 51-69.
A draft bill on Ukraine’s withdrawal from CIS submitted to
VerkhovnaRada. (2014, March 24). ITAR TASS news agency,
Retrieved from http://tass.ru/en/world/725079.
J., Fowler. (Trans). (2007, April 01). Charter of the Commonwealth of
Independent States. Retrieved from http://therussiasite.org/legal/ laws/CIScharter.html.
Georgia Opts Out of Ex-Soviet Military Cooperation Body. (2006, March 2).
Pravda.ru, Retrieved from www.pravda.ru.
Georgia to Leave Alliance of Ex-Soviet States. (August 12, 2008).
Retrieved from www.cnn.com/Europe.
Gretzky, S. (1997). Russia’s Policy toward Central Asia. Moscow:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Ubaidulloev, Z. (2010). Regionalism in Central Asia. Central Asia in
Retrospect & Prospect. New Delhi: Readworthy, 35-42.
Kemal, B. (2001). The Commonwealth of Independent States: Decayed
Within a Decade/Kemal Baslar. The Turkish Yearbook, 32, 91-125.
Leonard, T. M. (2006). Encyclopedia of the Developing World-AZ. New
York: Taylor & Francis.
Lewis, W. H., & Marks, E. (1998). Searching for Partners: Regional
Organizations and Peace Operations (No. 58). DIANE Publishing.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia. (2008, August 18). Georgia’s
Withdrawal from CIS. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia.
Retrieved on October 2, 2013, from www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=36&info_id=7526.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. (2013, June 10).
Commonwealth of Independent States. Retrieved from
http://mfa.gov.by/en/organizations/membership/list/c2bd4cebdf6bd9f9.html.
Nesterenko, A. (2009, September 03). Briefing by Russian MFA
Spokesman. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian
Federation, Retrieved on November 5, 2013, from
http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/4ff6731bd78ae22bc325762a001e86df?OpenDocument.
Official Website of Commonwealth of Independent States. ???????????
??????????? ??????????. Retrieved on January 10, 2014,
from http://www.e-cis.info/page.php?id=19397.
Peimani, H. (2009). Conflict and security in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Abc-Clio.
Pomfret, R. (2008). Turkmenistan’s Foreign Policy. The China & Eurasia
Forum Quarterly, 6(4), 9-34. Available at: www.isdp.eu/cefq.
Sakwa, R., and M. Webber (1999). ‘The Commonwealth of Independent
States, 1991- 1998: Stagnation and Survival’. Europe-Asia
Studies, 51(3), 379-415.
Spencer, M. (2012). The Russian quest for peace and democracy. Lanham,MD: Lexington Books.
The End of the Soviet Union; Text of Accords by Former Soviet Republics
Setting Up a Commonwealth. (1991, December 23). Retrieved from www.nytimes.com.
The text of the Agreement Establishing the Interstate Bank was published
in Russian. (1993, January). Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, No. 4.
Turkmenistan Declares Its Associated Membership in CIS Georgian
President. (2005, August 27). Retrieved from www.sputiniknews.com.
Voitovich, S. A. (1993). The Commonwealth of Independent States: An Emerging Institutional Model.
European Journal of International Law, 4(3), 403-417.
Xiaoyang, D., & Chang, S. (2006). Strategic Adjustments and
Countermeasures Against Extremist Forces of Central Asian
Countries after 9/11. Hawkins and Love, 80.
Xuequan, Mu. (October 7, 2007). Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan to Launch
Customs Union in 2011. China View. Retrieved from www.xinhua.com.
Zhalimbetova, R., & Gleason, G. (2001). Eurasian Economic Community
(EEC) comes into being. Central Asia–Caucasus Analyst.
Published
2018-01-15
Section
Articles
