AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE CLASSIFICATION OF CODE SWITCHING IN INSTITUTIONAL SETTING IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
Keywords:
Code Switching (CS), Sociolinguistic, Intra CS, Grammatical ClassificationAbstract
Code switching has been classified into grammatical and sociolinguistic categories. The sociolinguistic classification is mainly based on the function that codeswitching serves in a specific context while the grammatical classification is made on the basis of the structure of the code-switched component. The current study aims to investigate the nature of the grammatical classification of Code Switching (CS). For this purpose, a total of 3 hours teachers’ and students’ interactions were audiotaped and a questionnaire comprising open and close-ended questions were served to the participants of the study. The findings show that the teachers and students code switched at Intra, Inter and Tag level wherein Intra CS came up not only as of the most dominant but diverse form of CS. The study is important in the sense that it will further enhance not only understanding of the teachers and students about nature and existence but also establish the prevalence of CS in institutional settings.References
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identity. London: Routledge.
Auer, P. (1999). From codeswitching via language mixing to fused lects:
Toward a dynamic typology of bilingual speech. International
Journal of Bilingualism, 3(4), 309-332
.
Blom, J. P., & Gumperz, J. J. (2000). Social meaning in linguistic structure:
Code-switching in Norway. The Bilingualism Reader, 111-136.
Blommaert, J. (1992). Codeswitching and the exclusivity of social
identities: Some data from Campus Kiswahili. Journal of
Multilingual & Multicultural Development, 13(1-2), 57-70.
Blommaert, J., & Varis, P. (2011). Enough is enough: The heuristics of authenticity
in superdiversity. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies, 2, 1-13.
Bokamba, E. G. (1989). Are there syntactic constraints on code-mixing?
World Englishes, 8(3), 277-292.
Casas, M. P. (2008). Codeswitching and identity among island Puerto
Rican bilinguals (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Washington
DC: Georgetown University.
Ferguson, G. (2003). Classroom code-switching in post-colonial contexts:
Functions, attitudes, and policies. AILA Review, 16(1), 38-51.
Fishman, J. A. (1972). Domains and the relationship between micro-and
macro sociolinguistics. Directions in sociolinguistics: The
Ethnography of Communication, 4(4), 435-453.
Kebeya, H. (2013). Inter-and Intra-sentential switching: Are they really
comparable? 5. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenyatta University.
Khan, K. R. (2014). A sociolinguistic analysis of codeswitching in
classroom discourse. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,
53(1), 553-564.
Mabule, D. (2015). What is this? Is it codeswitching, codemixing or language
alternating? Journal of Educational and Social Research, 5(1), 339.
MacSwan, J. (2017). A multilingual perspective on translanguaging.
American Educational Research Journal, 54(1), 167-201.
Mannarswamy, S. S., Saraswati, S., & Raghavendra, P. S. (2013). System
and method for improving run-time performance of applications
with multithreaded and single-threaded routines: Google Patents.
Myers-Scotton, C. (1993). Common and uncommon ground: Social and structural
factors in codeswitching. Language in society, 22(4), 475-503.
Myers-Scotton, C., & Bolonyai, A. (2003). Calculating speakers: Codeswitching
in a rational choice model. Language in Society, 30(1), 1-28.
Nilep, C. (2010). Code switching and language alternation. [Web log post].
SLA Blog. Official blog of the Society for Linguistic Anthropology, 4.
Poplack, S. (1980). Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish y termino
en Espanol: towards a typology of code-switching. Linguistics,
18(7-8), 581-618.
Romaine, S. (1989). Bilingualism. New Jersey, United States: Wiley-Blackwell.
Romaine, S. (1997). Pidgins, creoles, immigrant, and dying languages.
Investigating obsolescence: Studies in language contraction and
death, 369-383.
Saraswati, R., & Octavita, R. A. I. (2016). A study of English code
switching in Indonesian teen magazine. Deiksis, 8(01), 39-47.
Tajolosa, T. D. (2013). Motivations for code-switching in advertising and
theconstruction of consumers’ multiple identities: The case of
Philippine TV commercials. Philippine ESL Journal, 11, 48-85.
Trudgill, P. (1992). Introducing Language and Society. London: Penguin.
Valdés, G. (1981). Codeswitching as a deliberate verbal strategy: A
microanalysis of direct and indirect requests among bilingual Chicano
speakers. Latino language and communicative behavior, 95-108.
Weinreich, M. (1953). Yidishkayt and Yiddish: On the impact of religion on language
in Ashkenazic Jewry. In Mordecai M. Kaplan: Jubilee volume on the
occasion of his seventh birthday. New York: Jewish Theological
Seminary of America, 481-514.
identity. London: Routledge.
Auer, P. (1999). From codeswitching via language mixing to fused lects:
Toward a dynamic typology of bilingual speech. International
Journal of Bilingualism, 3(4), 309-332
.
Blom, J. P., & Gumperz, J. J. (2000). Social meaning in linguistic structure:
Code-switching in Norway. The Bilingualism Reader, 111-136.
Blommaert, J. (1992). Codeswitching and the exclusivity of social
identities: Some data from Campus Kiswahili. Journal of
Multilingual & Multicultural Development, 13(1-2), 57-70.
Blommaert, J., & Varis, P. (2011). Enough is enough: The heuristics of authenticity
in superdiversity. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies, 2, 1-13.
Bokamba, E. G. (1989). Are there syntactic constraints on code-mixing?
World Englishes, 8(3), 277-292.
Casas, M. P. (2008). Codeswitching and identity among island Puerto
Rican bilinguals (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Washington
DC: Georgetown University.
Ferguson, G. (2003). Classroom code-switching in post-colonial contexts:
Functions, attitudes, and policies. AILA Review, 16(1), 38-51.
Fishman, J. A. (1972). Domains and the relationship between micro-and
macro sociolinguistics. Directions in sociolinguistics: The
Ethnography of Communication, 4(4), 435-453.
Kebeya, H. (2013). Inter-and Intra-sentential switching: Are they really
comparable? 5. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenyatta University.
Khan, K. R. (2014). A sociolinguistic analysis of codeswitching in
classroom discourse. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,
53(1), 553-564.
Mabule, D. (2015). What is this? Is it codeswitching, codemixing or language
alternating? Journal of Educational and Social Research, 5(1), 339.
MacSwan, J. (2017). A multilingual perspective on translanguaging.
American Educational Research Journal, 54(1), 167-201.
Mannarswamy, S. S., Saraswati, S., & Raghavendra, P. S. (2013). System
and method for improving run-time performance of applications
with multithreaded and single-threaded routines: Google Patents.
Myers-Scotton, C. (1993). Common and uncommon ground: Social and structural
factors in codeswitching. Language in society, 22(4), 475-503.
Myers-Scotton, C., & Bolonyai, A. (2003). Calculating speakers: Codeswitching
in a rational choice model. Language in Society, 30(1), 1-28.
Nilep, C. (2010). Code switching and language alternation. [Web log post].
SLA Blog. Official blog of the Society for Linguistic Anthropology, 4.
Poplack, S. (1980). Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish y termino
en Espanol: towards a typology of code-switching. Linguistics,
18(7-8), 581-618.
Romaine, S. (1989). Bilingualism. New Jersey, United States: Wiley-Blackwell.
Romaine, S. (1997). Pidgins, creoles, immigrant, and dying languages.
Investigating obsolescence: Studies in language contraction and
death, 369-383.
Saraswati, R., & Octavita, R. A. I. (2016). A study of English code
switching in Indonesian teen magazine. Deiksis, 8(01), 39-47.
Tajolosa, T. D. (2013). Motivations for code-switching in advertising and
theconstruction of consumers’ multiple identities: The case of
Philippine TV commercials. Philippine ESL Journal, 11, 48-85.
Trudgill, P. (1992). Introducing Language and Society. London: Penguin.
Valdés, G. (1981). Codeswitching as a deliberate verbal strategy: A
microanalysis of direct and indirect requests among bilingual Chicano
speakers. Latino language and communicative behavior, 95-108.
Weinreich, M. (1953). Yidishkayt and Yiddish: On the impact of religion on language
in Ashkenazic Jewry. In Mordecai M. Kaplan: Jubilee volume on the
occasion of his seventh birthday. New York: Jewish Theological
Seminary of America, 481-514.
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Published
2019-07-15
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